{"id":228,"date":"2016-05-19T07:29:11","date_gmt":"2016-05-19T07:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/?page_id=228"},"modified":"2016-05-24T13:27:56","modified_gmt":"2016-05-24T13:27:56","slug":"kdo-je-dula","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/?page_id=228","title":{"rendered":"Kdo je dula"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0 „dula“ vzniklo z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova s v\u00fdznamem pomocnice. V souvislosti se \u017eenou – zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed matkou, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala nov\u00fdm matk\u00e1m s kojen\u00edm a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o novorozence, pou\u017eila poprv\u00e9 tento term\u00edn americk\u00e1 antropolo\u017eka Dana Raphael.<\/p>\n

\"kyt\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dnes se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i pro ozna\u010den\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jin\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m p\u0159ed a b\u011bhem porodu.
\nV minulosti b\u00fdvalo b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee rodi\u010dku p\u0159i porodu doprov\u00e1zely \u017eeny (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta se tento zvyk udr\u017eel dodnes). Krom\u011b porodn\u00ed b\u00e1by to b\u00fdvaly jinak bl\u00edzk\u00e9 \u017eeny – matka, sestra, p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u011b .. Tuto tradici dnes znovuo\u017eivuj\u00ed duly. Dnes ji\u017e speci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00e9 \u017eeny, je\u017e poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm psychickou, emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed (ale n\u011bkdy i fyzickou) oporu t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017een\u011b, pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed j\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu a \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se p\u0159isp\u011bt k dobr\u00e9mu \u017eivotn\u00edmu za\u010d\u00e1tku cel\u00e9 nov\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p>\n

Dula vn\u00edm\u00e1 porod jako jeden ze st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch okam\u017eik\u016f v \u017eivot\u011b \u017eeny. Uv\u011bdomuje si, \u017ee zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm \u017eeny rod\u00ed a d\u011bti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed na sv\u011bt, se v budoucnu z\u00e1sadn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na jejich sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, na jejich celo\u017eivotn\u00edm vztahu k sob\u011b a d\u00edt\u011bti, na d\u00edt\u011bti samotn\u00e9m, na atmosf\u00e9\u0159e v rodin\u011b a glob\u00e1ln\u011b pak v d\u016fsledku i na cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Dula zn\u00e1 fyziologii porodu a sna\u017e\u00ed se porozum\u011bt emocion\u00e1ln\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 rod\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny jako sv\u00e9bytn\u00e9 a origin\u00e1ln\u00ed bytosti. Dula toti\u017e zn\u00e1 rodi\u010dku i jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edstavy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se porodu. Pe\u010duje profesion\u00e1ln\u011b o \u017eenu, kter\u00e1 si tuto slu\u017ebu vybrala a p\u0159eje. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vytvo\u0159it takovou atmosf\u00e9ru p\u0159i porodu, kdy se \u017eena c\u00edt\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee se uvolnit a pln\u011b se soust\u0159edit na samotn\u00fd porod.<\/p>\n

Dula prov\u00e1d\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, spolupracuje na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b porodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. Krom\u011b st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1le\u017eitosti spojen\u00e9 se samotn\u00fdm porodem, by m\u011bla i po n\u011bm spr\u00e1vn\u011b podporovat matku p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed kojen\u00ed, p\u0159ed\u00e1vat zku\u0161enosti s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o d\u00edt\u011b a n\u011bkdy zaji\u0161\u0165uje i drobnou pomoc v dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n

Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee dula \u017een\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 se vstupem do sv\u011bta matky. Hledaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b prost\u0159edky, jak j\u00ed tuto kl\u00ed\u010dovou zku\u0161enost usnadnit. Dula neposkytuje zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Nenahrazuje pr\u00e1ci porodn\u00edch asistentek ani l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, nezasahuje do jejich kompetenc\u00ed, ale spolupracuje s nimi, napom\u00e1h\u00e1 efektivn\u00ed komunikaci mezi rodi\u010dkou a l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Tvo\u0159\u00ed doprovod b\u011bhem porodu, prov\u00e1d\u00ed mas\u00e1\u017ee, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u017een\u011b podle jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0 s volbou polohy a nefarmakologick\u00fdch \u00falevov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f b\u011bhem porodu, pod\u00e1v\u00e1 informace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro pou\u010den\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed \u017eeny, nap\u0159. i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nutnosti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu. \u017dena si b\u011bhem porodu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejen jist\u00e1 profesion\u00e1ly, kte\u0159\u00ed by um\u011bli zvl\u00e1dnout p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 komplikace, ale pot\u0159ebuje i klid, povzbuzen\u00ed a drobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. A kdy\u017e m\u00e1 porodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed person\u00e1l pr\u00e1ci s matkou nebo s miminkem, dula m\u016f\u017ee rodi\u010dce svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed a klidn\u00fdmi slovy nad\u00e1le dod\u00e1vat pocit bezpe\u010d\u00ed. Uv\u011bdomuje si, jak siln\u011b intimn\u00edm aktem je porod a svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017een\u011b mo\u017enost si tuto intimitu uchr\u00e1nit i mysticky zvnit\u0159nit.<\/p>\n

\"kyt2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru by dula m\u011bla svou pr\u00e1ci vn\u00edmat jako napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zku\u0161enost, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt empatick\u00e1 ale rozhodn\u00e1 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 otev\u0159en\u00e1 n\u00e1zor\u016fm jin\u00fdch. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je schopnost um\u011bt lidi sbli\u017eovat, hledat spole\u010dnou \u0159e\u010d. Mus\u00ed um\u011bt naslouchat a dot\u00fdkat se, kdy\u017e je to vhodn\u00e9 a ml\u010det, kdy\u017e je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt ticho. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 um\u011bt si zachovat odstup, b\u00fdt \u201enad v\u011bc\u00ed\u201c, nevztahovat v\u0161e na sebe v situaci, kdy je \u017eena tak emo\u010dn\u011b vypjat\u00e1. M\u00e1 b\u00fdt klidn\u00e1,\u00a0 a p\u0159esto anga\u017eovan\u00e1.
\nZa d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat jak\u00e9si skryt\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed toho, \u017ee nejsou v\u011bci jen \u010dern\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9, dobr\u00e9 a zl\u00e9. \u017de i narozen\u00ed ne zcela zdrav\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, v\u0161echny \u0161patn\u00e9 pro\u017eitky se po spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m a citliv\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou jevit v budoucnu jinak. S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed i nutnost absence jak\u00fdchkoli rasistick\u00fdch \u010di xenofobn\u00edch postoj\u016f u duly a s t\u00edm d\u00e1le souvisej\u00edc\u00ed tolerance k odli\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm a \u017eivotn\u00edch postoj\u016f jin\u00fdch kultur.<\/p>\n

Dula ale pracuje tak\u00e9 s otcem a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dleny rodiny. Partner b\u00fdv\u00e1 rodi\u010dce samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159i porodu velikou a \u010dasto nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oporou, ale i on ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako velice siln\u00fd citov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek a je pro n\u011bj proto obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, aby s chladnou hlavou reagoval a v\u017edy v\u011bd\u011bl, jak sv\u00e9 \u017een\u011b pomoci, a to i po absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edporodn\u00edho kurzu. Tuto pragmatickou, zklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u017eensky empatickou roli hraje p\u0159i porodu dula. Partnera p\u0159i porodu podporuje a pokud si to on p\u0159eje, m\u016f\u017ee mu poradit, jak \u017een\u011b co nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji pom\u00e1hat. U porodu dula rodi\u010dku nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b prov\u00e1z\u00ed, je v\u0161ak diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se nezasahovat, vyc\u00edt\u00ed-li, \u017ee si to \u017eena \u010di dvojice nep\u0159eje.
\nJej\u00ed slu\u017eby jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 jak prvorodi\u010dk\u00e1m, tak matk\u00e1m, je\u017e p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na sv\u011bt druh\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti. \u010casto dulu vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed nap\u0159. p\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 s prvn\u00edm porodem nebyly spokojen\u00e9 a cht\u011bj\u00ed to p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bnit.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0 „dula“ vzniklo z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova s v\u00fdznamem pomocnice. V souvislosti se \u017eenou – zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed matkou, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1hala nov\u00fdm matk\u00e1m s kojen\u00edm a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o novorozence, pou\u017eila poprv\u00e9 tento term\u00edn americk\u00e1 antropolo\u017eka Dana Raphael.<\/p>\n

Read More<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":39,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":426,"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228\/revisions\/426"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dulajana.eu\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}